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（四）无重大语法错误
重大语法错误一般指时态不一致、主语谓语单复数形式不一致、用词不当等，这些问题的存在说明考生在平时的英语学习中很少练习写作，有人甚至从没写过作文，因而出现各种各样语法错误是可以理解的。考生应在考前多进行这方面的训练，一些语法错误在实践中是可以纠正过来的。下面举几例常见错误。
病句及其分析：
1.so colleg e provid e the best condition for students.
此句的主谓语不一致。因为句子的意思是泛指大学为学生提供了最好的学习环境，这里的主语college应变为复数。这类错误极为常见。
2.going to college does not followed that we‘ll have a splendid future.
此句的主语是现在分词短语，全句的意思是：上大学并不表示我们的未来就一定会光辉灿烂。does not后应跟动词原型follow.
3.second，have a part time job for poor student is a good way to help reduce his family burden.
此句中有两处错误。have a part time job不能直接作主语，可以改为不定式作主语to have a part time job，或者动名词作主语having a part time job.第二处错误是poor student.普通名词前应有冠词a或the，如前面没有冠词，名词应是复数形式。在这里可选用不定冠词，a poor student，或者poor students.在此句中为了与后半句中的his呼应将其改为a poor student为好。
4.in recent years，fake goods have been discovered more and more in the market.
第四句是中文式的英文，这是考生作文中的常见错误。按照英语的习惯可改为more and more fake goods have been discovered in the market in recent years.
5.the first hand i think is that law must be passed to prevent fake goods from being produced.
第五句中的the first hand是错的，应改为on the one hand；i think是插入成分，在写作中应尽量不使用这样的插入成分；law前应有冠词，此句经修改后是：on the one hand，a law must be passed to prevent fake goods from being produced.
二、写作技巧
一篇好的短文应该观点明确，思路清晰，论述有力、准确，语言正确，文字简洁、流畅、连贯，结构严谨。短文是由段落组成，因此写好段落是写好短文的关键。
段落的组成分为三部分，主题句（topic sentence），推展句（development sentences）和结论句（concluding sentence）。下面分别就这三方面进行详解。
（一）主题句
1.主题句的作用
主题句是全段的核心句，读者通过主题句能了解段落的中心思想。一个好的主题句还能限制话题所谈论的范围，表明段落展开的方向及方法。在英语文章中，围绕主题句展开的段落很多。下面两段摘自1995年的阅读试题。
a job applicant has the responsibility for ascertaining certain types of information prior to the interview. first，the applicant should know what kind of job he wants and how that job relates to his career objective.it is important that the applicant be able to state his reasons for wishing to work for a particular company.second，the applicant should seek as much information as possible concerning the company.relevant information for the applicant to locate includes such items as the location of the home and regional offices，the financial status of the company，plans for expansion，and company philosophy.information about most major corporations is available in reference books and periodicals.
上段第一句是段落的主题句，句子的大意是：申请工作的人在接受面试前有责任了解某些方面的信息。主题句中的关键词是ascertaining certain types of information.紧接着，文章围绕主题句从两方面展开，论述了申请人应了解两类信息。
if europeans thought a drought was something that happened only in africa，they know better now. after four years of belownormal rainfall （in some cases only 10 percent of the annual average）， vast areas of france，spain，portugal，belgium，britain and ireland are dry and barren 。water is so low in the canals of northern france that waterway traffic is forbidden except on weekends.oyster growers in britain report a 30 percent drop in production because of the loss of fresh water in local rivers necessary for oyster breeding.in southeastern england，the rolling green hills of kent have turned so brown that officials have been weighing plans to pipe in water from wales.in portugal，farmers in the southern alentejo region have held prayer meetings for rain-so far，in vain.
上段中第二句是主题句，它点明了全段的中心思想，即：四年来，法国、西班牙、葡萄牙、比利时，英国及爱尔兰的降雨量低于常年，这些国家的广大地区都严重缺水。下面的各句都是围绕这一主题展开的。
从上面两段中我们可以看到英语的段落只能有一个中心思想，如要再论述其他与该段中心思想无关的内容应另起一段。
2.主题句的位置
主题句的位置可以在段首：
london‘s weather is very strange 。it can rain several times a day；each time the rain may come suddenly after the sun is shining brightly.the air is damp（潮湿的）and chill（冷的）right through july.on one march afternoon on hampton heath last year it rained three times，there was one hail（冰雹）storm，and the sun shone brilliantly-all this within two hours’s time.it is not unusual to see men and women rushing down the street on a sunny morning with umbrellas on their arms.no one knows what the next few moments will bring.
主题句的位置可以在段落中间：
just as i settle down to read or watch television，he demands that i play with him.if i get a telephone call，he screams in the background or knocks something over.i always have to hang up to find out what‘s wrong with him， babysitting with my little brother is no fun. he refuses to let me eat a snack（快餐）in peace.usually he wants half of whatever i have to eat.then，when he finaly grows tired，it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.
主题句的位置可以在段尾：
doctors are of the opinion that most people cannot live beyond 100 years，but a growing number of scientists believe that the aging process can be controlled.there are more than 12 000 americans over 100 years old，and their numbers are increasing each year.drjames langley of chicago claims that，theoretically and under ideal（理想的）conditions，animals，including man，can live six times longer than their normal period of growth.a person‘s period of growth lasts about 25 years.if dr.langley’s theory is accurate（准确的）， future generations can expect a life span（寿命）of 150 years 。 |
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